Compulsory Volunteering?

See https://sites.google.com/site/realvolunteeringcampaign/ for a campaigning site including a link to a relevant Freedom of Information request. The FOI request is fairly technical but the answer may be interesting.

Volunteering on Benefits

I hear some pretty odd stories abou the Jobcentre experiences of people on benefits who consider volunteering or are maybe evcen coerced into "compulsory volunteering". Before I say more, I'd like to hear from you so please take a survey Thanks!

Are animal charities losing their appeal?

Some time ago, I commented on the Waitrose "Community Matters" scheme that effectively allows customers to vote from a choice of three causes to receive a donation.

A couple of days ago, I checked out the "vote" a the local store; the options were:

• RSPCA - an animal charity
• A local metal health day centre
• Stroud Refuge

Intrigued by what I saw, I invited my friends on Facebook to guess which was the most popular. Pause here and have a guess yourself....
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My friends expected the animal charity to be top but actually, it was joint second with the mental health organisation. The most popular (by around 30%) was the refuge.

Are times changing?

Interns

There are a few not-quite-volunteering things going on at the moment and the "intern" is one of them that's spread from the USA. Typically it involves young people working for free in the hope of impressing the employer so much that a paid role is created.

Most our sector people in our sector have seen something similar - the  and  volunteer who progresses into employment with us. Not only have I championed such volunteers, I've got two jobs that way myself. It's different to the modern intern though. Typically a volunteer to employee person isn't working anything like full-time hours with the charity and they probably started volunteering for other reasons.

A modern intern typically works full-time and hopes to get a well paid job at the end of it. A few interns even pay for the privilege. With such motivations, it's not surprising that some "unsuccessful" interns feel cheated and exploited and hence sites such as Intern Aware with its  "campaign for fair, paid internships".

Government have got involved - HMRC are currently investigating 100 firms using interns for possible breaches of the national minimum wage laws.

Here in the real voluntary sector, we need to be careful not to catch any of the mud that's being thrown and, of course, do our "volunteer agreements" properly. See Volunteering England for a guide

Volunteering and Benefits

The relationship between volunteering and state benefits is often in a state of flux and confusion. Within the last month, I've met more than one potential volunteer worrying about affecting their benefit and they “know the 16 hour rule”. 

 

Currently the DWP is clear that there is no such rule, although individual staff members may be less clear. As Universal Credit approaches, there has been some alarm in the sector about a possible 17.5 hour limit. This comes from an expectation that work-ready claimants will pursue work or work preparation on a full time basis, usually 35 hours/week and although volunteering time can be deducted, it's limited to 50%.

 

As someone with experience of volunteering, job seeking and volunteer management, I'd comment: 

•          16 or 17.5 hours/week volunteering is fairly rare
•           Serious job seeking can be quite time consuming. (EG: Looking at one of my old application forms prepared in Word shows nearly 4 hours of editing time – and it resulted in an interview) 

So, regardless of what the law might say, I'd suggest that most out of paid work job seekers might be wise to restrict their volunteering to around half time.

 

It's a point of view that doesn't sit easily with stories of job seekers being compelled to work 30 hours a week in charity shops for 6 months.  The Job Centre still don't understand and value volunteering - I recently met a Personal Adviser who disapproved of his customers finding their own volunteering assignments. He would like a system where they were sent to an approved supplier who would allocate a volunteer role for them.

 

I fear there's a culture clash – the sector understands and celebrates choice and taking responsibility while the Job Centre struggles to get away from the idea that customers are incompetent, work-shy and need compulsory guidance.

 

 

Why Cait Riley is important

Cait Riley gets a degree in Geology and starts job hunting. Then she has a wheeze - why not volunteer to work in a local museum? Keep in touch with her industry and give her something to get up in the morning for. 

Then, enter "Jobcentre Plus", the government department supposedly in charge of helping the unemployed into jobs. They compel her to stop doing sensible volunteering and give her mandatory unpaid work at Poundland a commercial shop.

I'm please to report that the courts have backed her case although the government are determined to revers the ruling.

These "workfare" programmes mess with the voluntary sector in a number of ways

Fundamentally, the government doesn't understand the voluntary sector at all.

The Venerable Volunteer

The Venerable Volunteer has been round the block and then some. To some, they are an inspiration, regaling a group of less experienced volunteers with stories of the time they helped a difficult client who then turned round and put £50 in the collecting box. As s/he continues with an anecdote that contravenes data protection, health and safety and several other sacred cows of the modern charity world, mangers and more clued up volunteers cringe. How did we ever get here and what can be done?

Often, such volunteers are often still doing a lot of good work for the charity and a lot of the dire things that are supposed to go wrong when you ignore policies don’t actually transpire. That's partly because these contingencies are pretty rare and our volunteer has enough experience to avoid trouble. The manager poised to make a retiring issue out of a breach of policy may find themselves suddenly receiving thanks from a delighted client.

It's very important for a manager to be aware of why they find this volunteer so challenging so as to work out a sensible way forward. A volunteer with experience, reputation and respect from others may feel very threatening to a manager. Is that what the problem is? Or is there a real problem?

Ideally, you never get into such situations but staff often have shorter careers than volunteers so the chances are, a new manager will find themselves with a venerable volunteer already in place.  For all the venerable volunteer may be seen as a problem, they often know a lot about the service and its history. Float an idea with them and they may tell you that it was tried before, worked well and but they don't know why it was stopped. That could be an incredibly useful clue. Using their experience in this way also helps to build a relationship with an influential member. As part of that relationship, you may be able to get them to change any truly worrying behaviour.

Who do donors value?

For some years, Waitrose have been running a charity scheme whereby customers who spend over £10 are given a token to deposit in one of 3 slots to trigger a donation to the charity they prefer. It's usually a small local charity and often I don't know them.

Just by looking at the columns of green token, you get to see if a particular cause is more popular than another - when I took this picture, they were even.

Of course Waitrose is a rather upmarket place and their customers may not be representative of the entire population.

It's Ok to discriminate against volunteers?

The relationship between a charity and a volunteer is clearly different to that of  charity and employee - but how different? For many years, no one was absolutely sure. Informally, I know of at least one case some years ago of a charity facing a Tribunal over alleged discrimination against a volunteer. The Tribunal was willing to treat the volunteer as an "employee" because although no money changed hands, volunteers benefited from the training provided. However, the discrimination itself wasn't proven. As Tribunal decisions aren't binding, the "employee" issue was capable of being decided either way by other Tribunals and perhaps it has been.

However, it was generally believed in the voluntary sector that volunteers don't have employment-style legal rights but on Wednesday, the Supreme Court confirmed the position in the case of  X v Mid Sussex CAB. A volunteer claimed disability discrimination by her local CAB and the Tribunal, EAT, Court of Appeal and now the Supreme Court ruled that she doesn't come within the protections offered to employees.

Although this may save charities money, it seems unfortunate. For some people, their volunteer role can be immensely important to them and many charities will recognise that and treat people well. It's encouraged by Volunteering England and is simple common sense. (It's possible that in X v Mid Sussex CAB, there was no actual discrimination - the legal issue meant that didn't get decided)

Is it possible or advisable to give volunteers more rights? I don't know but it's a valid question.

To make things more complicated, there may be some volunteers who are covered. That's because of article 3(1)(b) of the Framework Directive 2000/78/EEC applying to those seeking access to “vocational training” and “practical work experience”. So some internships might be covered.

Another possibility in some cases is to say that providing interesting volunteering experiences is one of the services a charity provides (even if they never thought of it that way) and discrimination in service provision may be caught by the Equality Act 2010 and result in a County Court claim. Those interested in some of these more complex issues might do well to read the paper by Cloisters

Instant Volunteering

I recently helped my local volunteer centre in Cheltenham with an "Instant Volunteering" event as part of national Make a Difference Day.

Here's the idea in a nutshell by Jo Brown, manager of Volunteering Gloucestershire:

"Volunteering is not necessarily about giving up lots of your time, there are many flexible ways to volunteer. People lead increasingly busy lives and it can be hard to find the time to get involved, popping along and giving 5 minutes of time will help make a massive difference and hopefully be lots of fun.'
 

And it was a lot of fun. British Red Cross gave resuscitation instruction. Children were making dog biscuits for the Animal Shelter as well as making cards to send to sick children. A representative from the local Timebank was there to give out time credits.

So, what did it achieve? On a directly practical level, quite a few people now know some more first aid skills and might go on to save a life. The dogs at the Animal Shelter will have a few more biscuits and some sick children will get some lovely cards.







Perhaps more importantly, it introduced people to volunteering in a low-intensity way and showed them that making a difference is within their reach...